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1.
Med. infant ; 30(1): 15-20, Marzo 2023. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1427875

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Analizar el circuito de utilización de los medicamentos de alto costo (MAC) y los resultados clínicos obtenidos en un hospital de pediatría público de alta complejidad de Argentina y presentar una estrategia de selección replicable para otras instituciones de similares características de la región. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, aleatorizado, conducido en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en el período entre el 1 de setiembre de 2018 y el 31 de marzo de 2019. Se evaluaron dos unidades de estudio, la unidad paciente y la unidad MAC. Resultados: Los MAC consumen 7.921.200 dólares estadounidenses (USD) anuales y representan el 41% del costo de los medicamentos del hospital de alta complejidad. El 50% del costo de los MAC estuvo representado por la gammaglobulina (medicamento utilizado en diferentes enfermedades). Los pacientes proceden de toda la Argentina y otros países y un 44% tiene cobertura de salud. Los diagnósticos para los que se prescribieron MAC con mayor frecuencia fueron los relacionados con patología oncológica (leucemia linfoide aguda, leucemia mieloblástica aguda). El 54% de los pacientes presentó mejoría atribuible directamente a la administración de los MAC, 39% no presentó cambios y el 7% empeoró. Conclusiones: La efectividad en los resultados clínicos y el análisis de los circuitos de aprobación indican que, además de la aprobación por las entidades nacional e internacionales, la evaluación responsable por parte de las instituciones efectoras, mediante la discusión interdisciplinaria basada en la mejor evidencia, contribuye a optimizar la utilización de los MAC y la seguridad de los pacientes (AU)


Objectives. To analyze the utilization circuit of high-cost medications (HCM) and the clinical results obtained in a tertiarycare public pediatric hospital in Argentina and to present a selection strategy that may be disseminated to other institutions of similar characteristics in the region. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, randomized study was conducted at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires between September 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Two study units were evaluated, the patient and the HCM. Results: HCMs account for 7,921,200 US dollars (USD) per year and represent 41% of the cost of drugs in this tertiary-care hospital. Gamma globulin (a drug used for different diseases) accounted for 50% of the cost of HCMs. Patients came from Argentina and other countries and 44% had a health insurance. Cancer (acute lymphoid leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia) was the diagnosis for which HCMs were most frequently prescribed. Fifty-four percent of patients showed improvement directly attributable to the administration of HCMs, 39% showed no change, and 7% worsened. Conclusions: The effectiveness in clinical outcomes and the analysis of approval circuits show that, in addition to approval by national and international entities, responsible evaluation by the effector institutions through interdisciplinary discussion based on the best evidence contributes to optimizing the use of HCMs and patient safety (AU)


Subject(s)
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Ethics Committees , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hospitals, Public , Prospective Studies , Patient Safety , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
3.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 26(2): 14-21, mayo-ago. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347069

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo. Estudiar la calidad de la canal y la carne en pollos de ceba que consumen harina de frutos de Roystonea regia (palmiche). Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 40 pollos de ceba distribuidos según diseño completamente aleatorizado en cuatro tratamientos: control (maíz-pasta de soya) y la inclusión de 5, 10 y 15% de harina de palmiche. Se estudió el rendimiento de la canal, grasa abdominal y la calidad de la carne (tecnológicos y composición de ácidos grasos). Para los parámetros de apariencia se realizó análisis de varianza no paramétrico de clasificación simple. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias entre tratamientos para el peso de la canal y pH a los 45 minutos y 24 horas postmortem. Hubo reducción de la grasa abdominal con 5 y 15 % respecto al control (13.00 y 11.96 vs 17.02 g/kg), en tanto que el 10% no difirió del resto (15.10 g/kg) (p<0.01). No se encontraron diferencias en el color, excepto para la luminosidad en el muslo que fue superior con la inclusión de 10 y 15% (48.62 y 49.22) respecto al 5% (45.32) y el control no difirió entre tratamientos (47.53) (p<0.05). La composición de ácidos grasos en las diferentes porciones comestibles mostró que las aves depositaron los ácidos oleico, linoleico y palmítico en mayor concentración. Conclusiones. La inclusión hasta el 15 % de harina de palmiche a las dietas de pollos de ceba no modifica el rendimiento de la canal, reduce la grasa abdominal e incide positivamente en los indicadores de calidad de la carne.


ABSTRACT Objective. To study meat and carcass quality in broilers fed Roystonea regia (royal palm nut) fruits meals. Materials and methods. A total of 40 broilers distributed according to a completely randomized design were used in four treatments: control (corn-soybean paste) and the inclusion of 5, 10 and 15 % royal palm nut meal. The carcass yield, abdominal fat and meat quality (technological and fatty acid composition (FA)) were studied. For the appearance parameters, a non-parametric analysis of simple classification was performed. Results. There were no differences between treatments for carcass weight and pH at 45 minutes and 24 hours postmortem. There was a reduction in abdominal fat by 5 and 15 % compared to the control (13.00 and 11.96 vs. 17.02 g / kg), while 10 % did not differ from the rest (15.10 g/kg) (p<0.01). There were no differences in color, except for the luminosity in the drumstick that was superior with the inclusion of 10 and 15 % (48.62 and 49.22) with respect to 5 % (45.32) and the control did not differ between treatments (47.53) (p<0.05). The composition of FA in the different edible portions showed that the broilers deposited oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids in higher proportions. Conclusions. The inclusion of royal palm nut meal in broiler diets does not change the carcass yield, reduces abdominal fat and positively affects meat quality indicators.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Fatty Acids , Meat , Birds , Elaeis guineensis
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(6): 928-933, jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389529

ABSTRACT

Recognizing the role of technology in the development of medicine and the impact of telecommunication advances, we reflect on the meaning and ethics of the use of Telemedicine, both in its general dimension for the use and distribution of knowledge, as well as in the delivery of health actions, scientific research, and data management. Teleconsultation is discussed in greater detail, analyzing its process and application, reviewing its possible advantages and disadvantages, from the point of view of providers and patients. We highlight the need to carry out an appropriate evaluation of each instance, from the point of view of both the patient and the professional who uses it. The importance of maintaining a doctor-patient relationship in agreement with the nature and practice of Medicine, respecting people's dignity, is emphasized. We mention the ethical conditions that must be bore in mind for the proper use of telemedicine. We discuss the eventual influence that this practice will have on the concept and practice of medical care, while suggesting the need to legislate on the matter.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physician-Patient Relations , Telemedicine , Morals
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 9-17, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088933

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of vitamin C, reduced glutathione and the association thereof to the bovine semen cryopreservation extender. The ejaculate from nine bulls were divided into four fractions, each corresponding to a treatment, namely: control group-semen diluted with Tris-yolk extender; vitamin C group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with vitamin C (2.5mmol/mL); glutathione group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with reduced glutathione (2.5mmol/mL) and associated group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with vitamin C (1.25mmol/mL) and reduced glutathione (1.25mmol/mL). Afterwards, the semen was packed into French straws and submitted to cryopreservation using automated equipment. After cryopreservation, the semen was thawed and evaluated considering sperm motility, morphology, plasma membrane, acrosome, mitochondrial potential and oxidative stress, as well as the thermo resistance test. Extender's supplementation with the association of vitamin C and reduced glutathione showed benefic effects on sperm motility and preservation of plasma and acrosomal membranes during semen cryopreservation, being also the group that showed higher values of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the association of both antioxidants contributed to the preservation of sperm cells in every analyzed characteristic, suggesting its use on bovine semen cryopreservation.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adição de vitamina C, glutationa reduzida e sua associação ao diluidor de criopreservação de sêmen bovino. O ejaculado de nove touros foi dividido em quatro frações, cada uma correspondendo a um tratamento, a saber: grupo controle - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema; grupo vitamina C - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com vitamina C (2,5mmol/mL); grupo glutationa - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com glutationa reduzida (2,5mmol/mL) e grupo sêmen associado - diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com vitamina C (1,25mmol/mL) e glutationa reduzida (1,25mmol/mL ). Posteriormente, o sêmen foi envasado em palhetas francesas e submetido à criopreservação por meio de equipamento automatizado. Após a criopreservação, o sêmen foi descongelado e avaliado quanto à motilidade espermática, à morfologia, à membrana plasmática, ao acrossoma, ao potencial mitocondrial e ao estresse oxidativo, bem como pelo teste de resistência térmica. A suplementação de extensor com a associação de vitamina C e glutationa reduzida mostrou efeitos benéficos sobre a motilidade espermática e a preservação das membranas plasmática e acrossomal durante a criopreservação de sêmen, sendo também o grupo que apresentou maiores valores de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Assim, a associação de ambos os antioxidantes contribuiu para a preservação dos espermatozóides em todas as características analisadas, sugerindo sua utilização na criopreservação de sêmen bovino.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Reactive Oxygen Species , Oxidative Stress , Glutathione
6.
Enferm. univ ; 16(4): 362-373, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1114727

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Ser cuidador de personas con dependencia funcional conlleva el riesgo de presentar deterioro de la calidad de vida, esto puede deberse a que la prolongación del cuidado altera la dinámica familiar y genera sobrecarga en el cuidador. Objetivo: 1) Identificar la relación entre funcionamiento familiar y calidad de vida del cuidador del adulto mayor y 2) Determinar la sobrecarga y calidad de vida del cuidador del adulto mayor. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, muestreo por bola de nieve, la muestra conformada por 86 cuidadores de un centro comunitario. Para las mediciones se utilizó el índice de Barthel, el Test de APGAR Familiar, la prueba de Zarit y la Escala de Calidad de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. Se aplicó la Prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov y Prueba de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados: El 11.6% de los adultos mayores presentó dependencia total, la percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar grave representó el 3.5%. Los cuidadores con sobrecarga intensa fueron el 32.6%, el 8.1% percibió la calidad de vida deficiente. A mayor funcionamiento familiar mayor calidad de vida del cuidador (p<.05) y a mayor sobrecarga, menor calidad de vida del cuidador (p<.05) en todas las dimensiones. Conclusiones: Se observó que la sobrecarga y funcionalidad familiar están relacionadas con la calidad de vida del cuidador, por lo que se convierten en un escenario disciplinar que plantea la posibilidad de diseñar estrategias de intervención, centradas en la sobrecarga y el funcionamiento de la familia para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida del cuidador.


Abstract Introduction: The prolonged provision of healthcare to functionally dependent persons can result in the deterioration on the caregiver's quality in terms of family dynamics and overload. Objectives: 1) To identify the relationship between the family dynamics and the quality of life of the caregiver of older adults; and 2) to estimate the quality of life and the overload of the caregiver of older adults. Methodology: This is a descriptive and correlational study with a snowball-derived sample of 86 caregivers in a communitarian center. The corresponding measures were estimated using the Barthel Index, the Family APGAR Test, the Zarit Test, and the WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Correlation tests were calculated. Results: 11.6% of the older adults being cared showed total dependency. 3.5% of the caregiver's sample perceived having a severe family dysfunction. 32.6% of the sample were found having heavy overloads. 8.1% of the sample perceived having poor quality of life. In all dimensions, the better the family dynamics were, the better the quality of life of the caregivers was (p<.05), and the heavier the overload was, the worse the quality of life of the provider was (p<.05). Conclusions: It was noted that both, overload and family dynamics, are related to the quality of life of the caregivers of older adults; therefore, the design of intervention strategies should be focused on the overload and family dynamics of these professionals in order to improve their quality of life.


Resumo Introdução: Ser cuidador de pessoas com dependência funcional implica o risco de apresentar deterioro da qualidade de vida, isto pode dever-se a que o prolongamento do cuidado altera a dinâmica familiar e gera sobrecarga no cuidador. Objetivo: 1) Identificar a relação entre funcionamento familiar e qualidade de vida do cuidador do idoso e 2) Determinar a sobrecarga e qualidade de vida no cuidador do idoso. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e correlacional, amostragem por bola de neve, a amostragem conformada por 86 cuidadores de um centro comunitário. Para as medições utilizou-se o índice de Barthel, o Teste de APGAR Familiar, a prova de Zarit e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. Aplicou-se a prova de Kolmogorov Smirnov e Prova de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: O 11.6% dos idosos apresentou dependência total, a percepção de disfuncionalidade familiar grave representou o 3.5%. Os cuidadores com sobrecarga intensa foram o 32.6%, o 8.1% percebeu a qualidade de vida deficiente. Quanto maior funcionamento familiar, maior qualidade de vida do cuidador (p<.05) e quanto maior sobrecarga, menor qualidade de vida do cuidador (p<.05) em todas as dimensões. Conclusões: Observou-se que a sobrecarga e funcionalidade familiar estão relacionadas com a qualidade de vida do cuidador, pelo que se tornam em um cenário disciplinar que envolve a possibilidade de desenhar estratégias de intervenção, centradas na sobrecarga e o funcionamento da família para o melhoramento da qualidade de vida do cuidador.

9.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (64): 10-14, July.-Dec. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002721

ABSTRACT

Abstract A methodology for the simulation of ultra-peripheral collisions, specifically ultra-relativistic heavy ion 197Au-197Au and p-208Pb collisions, is developed. First, the fluxes of virtual photons as a function of the photon energy and the impact parameter are obtained using the Method of Weizsäcker-Williams. Then, the processes induced by photons in photon-hadron collisions γ+Au, γ+p and γ+Pb are simulated, neglecting the photon-photon contribution. The model is implemented in the code CRISP (Collaboration Rio-Sao Paulo), specifically designed for simulations of the nuclear environment. Cross-section, differential cross-section, multiplicity, invariant mass spectrum, angular distribution and p T distribution in 197Au-197Au and p-208Pb collisions are obtained, and a comparison with experimental data is accomplished in order to validate the model.


Resumen Una metodología para la simulación de colisiones ultraperiféricas, específicamente colisiones ultrarelativistas de iones pesados 197Au-197Au y p-208Pb es desarrollada. Primero, los flujos de fotones virtuales como función de la energía del fotón y el parámetro de impacto son obtenidos, usando el Método de Weizsäcker-Williams. Luego, los procesos inducidos por fotones en colisiones fotón-hadrón γ+Au, γ+p y γ+Pb son simulados, despreciando la contribución fotón-fotón. El modelo es implementado en el código CRISP (Colaboración Rio-Sao Paulo), específicamente diseñado para simulaciones del ambiente nuclear. La sección eficaz, sección eficaz diferencial, multiplicidad, espectro de masa invariante y distribución de p T son obtenidas, y se realiza una comparación con resultados experimentales, con el objetivo de validar el modelo.

10.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Hig ; 49(1): 77-103, 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1096219

ABSTRACT

La Gerencia Sectorial de Registro y Control se crea en el año 1993 con el objetivo de proteger la salud y la vida de la población Venezolana, estando conformada por la División de Control de Medicamentos y Cosméticos, la División de Control de Alimentos y la División de Control Nacional de Productos Biológicos. Esta Gerencia viene a llenar un vacío legal existente en materia de salud y entre sus funciones se encuentran: •Otorgar el Registro Sanitario, Renovación y Cambios Post- Registro a los Medicamentos (Especialidades Farmacéuticas y Productos Biológicos) comercializados en el país, previa evaluación de su calidad, seguridad y eficacia. •Realizar el Control Sanitario de los medicamentos. •Evaluar con fines de registro y control sanitario los alimentos, productos naturales, cosméticos, productos médicos y otros productos de uso y consumo humano. •Evaluar los Protocolos de Investigación Clínica de Medicamentos. •Efectuar la Farmacovigilancia de los medicamentos distribuidos a nivel nacional. •Evaluar el desempeño en Serología de los Bancos de Sangre del país. •Coordinar la Red Venezolana de Laboratorios de Análisis de Alimentos. •Participar en las Redes Internacionales de Armonización y Cooperación en el área de competencia.


The Sectorial Management of Registration and Control was created in 1993 with the objective of protecting the health and life of the Venezuelan population, being formed by the Division of Control of Medicines and Cosmetics, the Division of Food Control and the Division of National Control of Biological Products. This Management comes to fill an existent legal void in matter of health and between its functions they are: •Grant the Sanitary Registration, Renewal and Post-Registration Changes to Drugs (Pharmaceutical Specialties and Biological Products) marketed in the country, after evaluating their quality, safety and efficacy. •Carry out the Sanitary Control of medicines. •Evaluate for sanitary registration and control purposes food, natural products, cosmetics, medical products and other products for human use and consumption. •Evaluate the Clinical Drug Resechar Protocols. •Carry out pharmacovigilance of medicines distributed nationwide. •Evaluate the performance in Serology of the Blood Banks of the country. •Coordinate the Venezuelan Network of Food Analysis Laboratories. •Participate in the International Networks of Harmonization and Cooperation in the eaar of competence


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Surveillance , Drug Evaluation , Products Registration , Health Facilities , History of Medicine , Pharmacovigilance , Food Analysis
11.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 11(1): 20-27, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999030

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetic vascular complications are associated with elevated concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). These substances can be originated endogenously by hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress, but also by dietary intake. There is indirect evidence suggesting that these complications can be prevented by lowering AGEs levels by dietary or pharmacological interventions, however its clinical benefits are still not clear enough because this would require long periods of treatment. Specific neuro-ophthalmologic tests like Multifocal Electroretinogram (MFERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) can detect retinal and myelinic nerve early changes, and thus could represent good methods to study the results of certain interventions in shorter lapses. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effects of a pharmacological intervention designed to lower AGEs levels, on these variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 7 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), with more than 5 and less than 10 years of disease, without clinically evident micro and macrovascular disease, without renal failure, hypothyroidism nor vitamin B12 deficiency, whose AGEs dietary intake was moderately elevated or high (according to dietary recalls). Upon admission, a clinical evaluation, urine and blood samples were obtained for routine labs, plus ultrasensitive C Reactive Protein (usCRP) as an inflammatory marker, and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) as representative of AGEs. Then a complete ophthalmologic evaluation was performed, including fundus, MFERG and VEP. After the initial evaluation, placebo capsules were prescribed (12 daily capsules, 4 with each main meal) during 3 months, repeating the same initial evaluation at completion of this period. Then the active treatment followed, with capsules containing cholestyramine (4 capsules containing 500 mg each, totaling 6 g per day). Patients were cited each month, to register adverse events and repeating the same evaluation after this second 3 months period. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 2 male patients, mean age was 55.1 ± 3.8 years, and diabetes was managed with metformin plus other oral agents or o insulin (4 cases). In addition, 4 patients received lipid lowering and 4 antihypertensive drugs. Metabolic control and lipid levels were variable (ranges of HbA1c 6.2-8.4%, LDL cholesterol 45-141 mg/dL, triglycerides 70-220 mg/dL). AGEs levels represented by CML were highly variable (median 31.7, range min-max 3.4-58.9 ug/uL). Basal usCRP was also variable (median 405.9, range min-max 265.6-490.7 mg/L). The treatment was well tolerated, except for mild constipation associated with cholestiramine intake. No significant changes in electroretinography or evoked potentials were observed when comparing the initial placebo period with cholestyramine treatment. A significant increase in triglyceride levels and decrease of vitamin D levels after cholestyramine treatment was observed. No changes were detected in serum concentrations of CML, usCRP or glycemic control, after treatment. The latter variables were not correlated with neurophthalmologic studies. DISCUSSION: In this preliminary study we did not observe changes in MFERG nor VEP after 6 g/day cholestyramine treatment, which did not induce lowering of CML levels. This could be attributed to the many limitations of a pilot study, such as a small sample size, short duration of treatment, reduced doses. However this design allowed to evaluate the patients´ tolerance to the drug and rule out adverse effects, in order to plan further studies using the necessary doses to obtain lowering of AGEs


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retina , Cholestyramine Resin/administration & dosage , Glycation End Products, Advanced/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Electroretinography , Pilot Projects , Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Lysine/analogs & derivatives , Lysine/drug effects , Lysine/blood
12.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 12(2): 93-102, dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-882783

ABSTRACT

The Sensory Motor Performance Quality Scale of babies from 2 to 15 months of age, detected with delayed motor development, or at risk or with cerebral palsy, is presented and its application exemplified through a case corresponding to the sixth month the subscale.


Se presenta la Escala de la Calidad del Desempeño Sensoriomotor de bebés de 2 a 15 meses de edad, detectados con retraso del desarrollo psicomotor, o diagnosticados en riesgo o con parálisis cerebral. Se ejemplifica su aplicación a través de un caso correspondiente a la subescala del sexto mes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Motor Skills , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychomotor Performance , Cerebral Palsy
13.
Enferm. univ ; 14(3): 191-198, jul.-sep. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-891517

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Con la construcción del estado del arte se identificó la necesidad de conceptualizar el arte del cuidado con la siguiente interrogante: ¿se concibe el arte del cuidado de enfermería como fenómeno de estudio desde la revisión del pensamiento teórico de enfermería? Este análisis contribuye a la fundamentación filosofica estética de la disciplina de enfermería y su resignificación para la enseñanza y la práctica, de tal forma que el cuidado adquiera el sentido humanístico para la autonomía profesional. Desarrollo: Se analiza el cuidado desde la visión de algunos filósofos y teóricas de enfermería para contextualizar el fenómeno de estudio; posteriormente se describen las concepciones del arte del cuidado y conocimiento estético más significativas desde Florence Nightingale hasta Vera Regina Waldow. Para el análisis de los hallazgos se consideran las concepciones del arte como conocimiento, como actividad práctica y como sensibilidad establecidas por Abaggnano. Conclusiones: El arte del cuidado se sustenta según las concepciones fundamentales del arte, principalmente como actividad práctica, asimismo se identifican las acepciones del arte como conocimiento y como sensibilidad. En síntesis, hasta este momento se puede decir que el arte del cuidado se da en una relación intersubjetiva, la enfermera (ro) hace una abstracción de la realidad de la persona y esta hace una autopercepción para objetivar sus necesidades. De esta interacción se derivan las acciones cuidativas basadas en el amor, en el respeto a la dignidad de la persona.


Introduction: Considering the construction of the state of art, the need to conceptualize the art of care was identified through the following question: Is the nursing care art conceived as a phenomenon of study from the perspective of the nursing theoretical thought? This analysis contributes to the philosophical and aesthetical foundations of nursing teaching and practice so that care acquires the humanistic sense for the professional autonomy. Development: Care is analyzed from the vision of some philosophers and theoreticians of nursing in order to contextualize the phenomenon of study; then, the most significant conceptions of the art and aesthetics of care, from Florence Nightingale until Vera Virginia Waldow are described. The Abaggnano conceptions of art as knowledge, practical activity, and sensibility serve as framework to this analysis. Conclusions: The art of care is supported by the fundamental conceptions of art, mainly as a practical activity, but also as knowledge and sensibility. Therefore, it can be expressed that the art of care develops from and into an intersubjective relationship: the nurses abstract the reality of the persons, while the persons self-perceive to objectivize their needs. From these interactions, caring actions based on love, respect, and dignity are developed.


Introdução: Com a construção do estado da arte identificou-se a necessidade de conceituar a arte do cuidado com a seguinte questão: concebe-se a arte do cuidado de enfermagem como fenómeno de estudo desde a revisão do pensamento teórico de enfermagem? Esta análise contribui à fundamentação filosofica estética da disciplina de enfermagem e sua ressignificação para o ensino e a prática, de tal forma que o cuidado adquira o sentido humanístico para a autonomia profissional. Desenvolvimento: Analisa-se o cuidado desde a visão de alguns filósofos e teóricos de enfermagem para contextualizar o fenómeno de estudo; posteriormente se descrevem as concepções da arte do cuidado e conhecimento estético mais significativas desde Florence Nightingale até Vera Regina Waldow. Para a análise dos achados consideram-se as concepções da arte como conhecimento, como atividade prática e como sensibilidade, estabelecidas por Abaggnano. Conclusões: A arte do cuidado sustenta-se segundo as concepções fundamentais da arte, principalmente como atividade prática, assim mesmo identi-se as acepções da arte como conhecimento e como sensibilidade. Em síntese, até este momento pode-se dizer que a arte do cuidado se dá em uma relação intersubjetiva, a enfermeira (ro) faz uma abstração da realidade da pessoa e esta faz uma autopercepção para objetivar suas necessidades. Desta interação derivam-se as ações de cuidado baseadas no amor, no respeito à dignidade da pessoa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Art , Nursing , Empathy
14.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 38(1): 217-224, ene.-abr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-902339

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The present study describes the pharmacological analysis of the effects of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, on hippocampal theta activity. Knowing that this activity is critically related to cognitive function and altered in patients with neurodegeneration, pharmacological efforts aiming to directly modulate hippocampal theta activity becomes of central importance. In a recently developed complete septo-hippocampal preparation, carbachol elicited significant theta power enhancement with 1 μM. Concentrations under 1 μM and over 2 μM carbachol caused significant reduction in the power of hippocampal theta activity. Carbachol effects were completely blocked with the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. At the experimental level, it is the first time the direct action of a cholinergic agonist is evaluated in the septo-hippocampal pathway completely isolated. However, carbachol as a cholinergic agonist is a drug with a certain level of nonspecific response. That is why to correct this experimental limitation, we used scopolamine (cholinergic antagonist) which allowed us to corroborate the effects on the cholinergic pathway. In summary, electrophysiological assays demonstrated an effective concentration range of carbachol specifically modulating hippocampal theta activity.


Resumen: El presente estudio describe el análisis farmacológico de los efectos de carbacol, un agonista colinérgico, sobre la actividad theta del hipocampo. Sabiendo que esta actividad está críticamente relacionada con la función cognitiva y alterada en pacientes con neurodegeneración, los esfuerzos farmacológicos destinados a modular directamente la actividad theta del hipocampo se vuelven de gran importancia. En una preparación completa que contiene la región septal media conectada al hipocampo, desarrollada recientemente, 1 μM de carbacol provocó un incremento significativo a nivel de potencia en la actividad theta del hipocampo. Las concentraciones menores de1 μM y mayores a 2 μM causaron una reducción significativa en la potencia de la actividad theta. Los efectos del carbacol fueron completamente bloqueados con la escopolamina, antagonista colinérgico. A nivel experimental, es la primera vez que se evalúa la acción directa de un agonista colinérgico en la vía septo-hipocámpica completamente aislada. Sin embargo, el carbacol como agonista colinérgico es un fármaco que presenta cierto nivel de respuesta inespecífica. Es por eso que para corregir esta limitante experimental, se utilizó escopolamina (antagonista colinérgico) lo que nos permitió corroborar los efectos sobre la vía colinérgica. En resumen, nuestros estudios electrofisiológicos demostraron un intervalo de concentración eficaz del carbacol que modula específicamente la actividad theta del hipocampo.

15.
Enfoque (Panama) ; 20(16): 53-59, Ene.jun.2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1028650

ABSTRACT

Realmente para encontrar el verdadero propósito de la vida, se debe buscar en la vidamisma, ya que con cada vida inicia en sí el propósito de vivir. La vida es el gran misterio, el granmilagro de este mundo.La búsqueda del propósito de vivir ha acompañado a la humanidad a través del tiempo, poreste motivo encuentra su punto de partida en nuestro propio ser como eje central de cada vida quetranscurre.Con este enunciado se responde a: ¿Para qué vivimos? ¿Por qué estoy vivo? ¿Qué le deboa la vida? y observar nuestro entorno y encontrar un significado para todo, basado en lo que somosy queremos ser en este mundo. Para ello encontramos el sentido que nos conduce a la respuestadivina de la presencia de Dios en nuestro camino llamado “vida”. Por este sendero las demás metashallarán su propósito en la convivencia armoniosa con los demás seres, con la naturaleza y conDios; para que de esta manera se siga adelante con los deseos, sueños y propósitos inspirados porÉl. La vida es un valor sagrado en todas las culturas y civilizaciones no reemplazable por bienesmateriales.


To really find the true purpose of life, one must look for life itself, since with each life itinitiates in itself the purpose of living. Life is the great mystery, the great miracle of this world.The search for the purpose of living has accompanied humanity through time, for thisreason finds its starting point in our own being as the central axis of each life that passes.This statement responds to: For what do we live for? Why am I alive? What do I owe tolife? And observe our surroundings and find a meaning for everything, based on who we are andwant to be in this world. For this, we find the sense that leads us to the divine response of thepresence of God in our way called "life." By this path the other goals will find their purpose inharmonious coexistence with other beings, with nature and with God; So that in this way one cancarry on with the desires, dreams and purposes inspired by Him. Life is a sacred value in allcultures and civilizations not replaceable by material goods.


Para encontrar o verdadeiro propósito da vida é preciso procurar na própria vida, pois,em cada vida, o propósito de viver começa em si mesmo. A vida é o grande mistério, o grandemilagre deste mundo.A procura do propósito de viver acompanhou a humanidade ao longo do tempo, por issoencontra seu ponto de partida em nosso próprio ser como o eixo central de cada vida que passa.Com esta afirmação se responde: por que vivemos? Por que estou vivo? O que devo àvida? Observar nossos arredores e encontrar um significado para tudo, com base no que somos equeremos ser neste mundo. Para isso, encontramos o sentido que nos leva à resposta divina dapresença de Deus em nosso caminho chamado "vida". Através deste caminho, os outros objetivosencontrarão seu propósito em convivência harmoniosa com outros seres, com a natureza e comDeus; para que, dessa forma, possamos avançar com os desejos, sonhos e propósitos inspiradospor Ele. A vida é um valor sagrado em todas as culturas e civilizações que não pode ser substituídapor bens materiais.

16.
Med. infant ; 23(3): 213-216, Sept.2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884209

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El entrenamiento en simuladores permite aprender procedimientos en un marco controlado que protege la seguridad de los pacientes pediátricos y que se integra como una instancia de aprendizaje previa a la realidad con el paciente. En el Centro de Simulación del Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan se diseñan y validan simuladores de bajo costo artesanales que permiten contar con recursos propios y de reposición inmediata. Objetivo: Describir el diseño de un simulador de bajo costo para la colocación de accesos vasculares periféricos y reportar la experiencia inicial de validación. Métodos: Se diseñó un simulador artesanal inanimado de punción venosa periférica (parte de miembro superior de un niño de edad aproximada de 8 años) con materiales de bajo costo. En una segunda fase y con el propósito de validarlo, se solicitó la colocación del acceso vascular -en el modelo simulado- a enfermeros del hospital que trabajan en el área de internación (usuarios expertos). Al final de cada experiencia, cada operador reportó su opinión sobre el realismo del modelo y utilidad de la experiencia en forma anónima. Resultados Participaron 43 enfermeros; entre el 75 a 90% de las veces, las repuestas fueron "se parece mucho" o "es igual" a la experiencia real de colocación de un acceso venoso a un niño. El 85% expresó que esta práctica permitía mejorar la destreza, y el 100% que el modelo puede ayudar a enseñarla en forma efectiva. Conclusiones El desarrollo de modelos de simuladores de bajo costo para usos específicos, de baja tecnología, resulta importante para el entrenamiento de habilidades. La aceptación por parte de los usuarios calificados y expertos fue muy buena, encontrando en un alto porcentaje similitud con la realidad (AU)


Introduction: Training on simulators allows for the learning of procedures within a controlled framework that protects the safety of pediatric patients and provides a learning moment previous to working with a real patient. In the Simulation Center at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan low-cost simulators are designed and validated that allow for proper resources and immediate replacement. Aim: To describe the design of a low-cost simulator for the placement of peripheral vascular Access and to report the initial experience with the validation of the device. Methods: An inanimate simulator for peripheral puncture (the upper limb of a child of approximately 8 years of age) was designed using lowcost materials. In a second phase with the purpose of validating the device, nurses of the hospital working in the inpatient area (expert users) were asked to insert a venous catheter in the simulation model. At the end of each procedure, each operator was asked to anonymously give their opinion. Results: 43 nurses participated; between 75 and 90% of times, the answers were "it is very similar "or "it is the same as the experience of placing a real venous catheter in a child. Overall, 85% felt that the training improved their skills and 100% considered that the model may be effective in the teaching process. Conclusions: The development of low-cost, low-technology simulation models is important in the training of skills. Acceptance by qualified users and experts was very good. A high degree of similarity with reality was reported (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Competency-Based Education/methods , Education, Nursing, Continuing/methods , Low Cost Technology , Models, Anatomic , Simulation Training , Vascular Access Devices
17.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 39(1): 26-29, jun. 2016. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797289

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la desnutrición crónica en menores de 5 años, atendidos en el Centro de Salud de Tacopaya de la Provincia Arque de Cochabamba, en el primer semestre de la gestión 2014. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal, incluyendo 654 menores de 5 años que asistieron al Centro de Salud Tacopaya, durante el primer semestre 2014, reportados en el SNIS. Los datos sobre el grupo de talla, peso, edad, sexo y grupo etáreo fueron recogidos y analizados de acuerdo con los estándares de la OMS; para determinar la desnutrición crónica, se utilizó el indicador antropométrico talla para la edad. Nuestros datos tabulados en Excel, fueron estratificados por sexo, grupo etáreo y comparados con otros periodos de otros años. Resultados: 361 (55,20%) niños y 293 (40,8%) niñas fueron atendidos para su control talla, peso en el Centro de Salud Tacopaya, 106 (16,2%) presentaron desnutrición crónica. El número más alto de desnutrición crónica fue en el grupo etáreo de 1 año a menor de 2 años y de sexo masculino, y el registro más bajo de desnutrición crónica fue para menores de 1 año. En el primer semestre del 2012, la prevalencia de desnutrición crónica fue de un 20,2%, en 2013, 19,1% y en 2014, 15,9%. Conclusiones: La desnutrición crónica en niños menores de 5 años de edad, que asistieron al Centro de Salud Tacopaya, para pacientes ambulatorios alcanzó el 16,2% en 2014, mostrando mayor prevalencia en los niños que en las niñas. Los niños de 1 año hasta menos de 2 años fueron los más afectados. La desnutrición sigue siendo un problema muy grave que sigue afectando a la población boliviana. Esta información puede ser útil para la planificación de intervenciones nutricionales dirigidas a reducir desnutrición crónica.


Objective: determine the prevalence of chronic malnutrition in children < 5 years, treated at the outpatient Health Center Tacopaya of the Cochabamba Arque province in the first half of 2014. Material and methods: A descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was performed, including 654 children, reported in the SNIS. Data on height, weight, age, sex and age group were collected and analyzed, in agreement to WHO standards, to determine the height-for-age chronic malnutrition anthropometric indicator. Our data, tabulated in Excel, were stratified by sex, age group and compared to other year periods. Results: among the 361 (55,20%) boy and 293 (40,8 %) girls treated for height control weight at the Tacopaya Health Center, 106 (16,2%) showed chronic malnutrition. The highest number of chronic malnutrition was in the age group of 1 year to less than 2 years and in the male group. The lowest record of chronic malnutrition was for children less than 1 year. Conclusions: chronic malnutrition in children less than 5-year-old, attending the Tacopaya outpatient Health Center, reached 16,2% in 2014, showing higher prevalence in boys than in girls. Children up to 1 year to less than 2 years were the most affected. Malnutrition remains a serious problem still affecting the Bolivian population. This information may be useful for planning nutritional interventions aiming to reduced chronic malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Child Nutrition Disorders , Prevalence , Weight by Height
18.
Cienc. Trab ; 17(54): 202-206, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772277

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La satisfacción laboral está determinada por factores propios del trabajador en conjunto con variables del trabajo, esto es, por elementos intrínsecos y extrínsecos; la ausencia de uso no necesariamente determina la presencia de otros. OBJETIVO: La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción laboral del personal con giros distintos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El diseño del estudio fue transversal comparativo, teniendo como unidad de muestreo a los trabajadores de dos empresas: una de calzado y otra de cuero, ambas ubicadas en la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, México, y cuyos trabajadores están adscritos al IMSS como proceso de atención. Para identificar el grado y tipo de satisfacción laboral en los trabajadores y directivos de dos empresas manufactureras, una de calzado (n = 51) y otra de curtiduría (n = 24), se aplicó una Escala de Satisfacción Laboral. Estos trabajadores pertenecen al Subsistema de salud adheridos al IMSS. RESULTADOS: Se compararon los resultados entre las submuestras y con los valores estandarizados. La mayoría de los factores de satisfacción identificados en este estudio estuvieron relacionados con el contenido del trabajo y se corresponden con características de las tareas (identidad, interés, variedad, significatividad). Así, atendiendo a la teoría bifactorial de Herzberg. CONCLUSIÓN Y DISCUSIÓN: En cuanto a los factores de contexto de trabajo, llamados higiénicos, únicamente el factor "ambiente social" o relaciones interpersonales destacaron entre los más mencionados. Los grupos mencionados arriba no sienten insatisfacción en el proceso de atención en los servicios de salud, de hecho ven el subsistema al que pertenecen como una ventaja en caso de un accidente en lo personal y familiar. Al evaluarse la satisfacción laboral general (de los dos grupos) se observa que existe una satisfacción general buena de acuerdo con el puntaje estandarizado. Específicamente la satisfacción intrínseca se mostró más elevada (p ≤ 0.001) en la empresa de cuero (puntaje promedio de 35.45 ± 2.87) que en la de calzado (34.67 ± 2.49).


INTRODUCTION: Job satisfaction is determinated by own worker's factors related to different variables either intrinsinc and extrinsic elements that belong to their own job. The absence of one of them not necessarily determines the presence of other. OBJECTIVE: To assess job satisfaction in two different companies: leather products and footwear. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A comparative cross-sectional study was realized with sampling units including workers of two companies: leather products and footwear, in León, Guanajuato, México. All workers were affiliated to the IMSS for health care. Job satisfaction scale was applied to identify the level and type of job satisfaction among workers and managers: leather products (n = 24) and footwear (n = 51). RESULTS: The results of subsamples and standardized values were compared. Most satisfaction factors were related to job contents and features to corresponding tasks (identity, interest, variety, meaningfulness). Thus, based on the two-factor theory of Herzberg. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: About the work context factors, called hygienic factors only "social environment" or related highlighted more among the most frequently mentioned. The groups mentioned did not feel dissatisfaction in the process of care in health services in fact the feeling is like an advantage in case of accident to themselves or their families. When evaluating the general job satisfaction in both groups, we observed a good overall satisfaction according to the standardized score. Specifically, the intrinsic satisfaction was higher (p ≤ 0.001) in leather workers (average score 35.45 ± 2.87) than in the footwear workers (34.67 ± 2.49).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Job Satisfaction , Occupational Groups/psychology , Shoes , Social Security , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Health , Efficiency, Organizational , Mexico
19.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 13(1): 83-87, abr. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-869028

ABSTRACT

La tetralogía de Fallot es una cardiopatía frecuente y puede representar hasta el 11 al 13% de todas las cardiopatías congénitas clínicas, se presenta en 1 de cada 8.500 nacidos vivos. En la mayoría de los casos, se asocia a una microdeleción del cromosoma 22 y con menor frecuencia al síndrome de Down. El síndrome de la dup 11q es una anomalía cromosómica causada por la duplicación de la porción distal del extremo del brazo largo del cromosoma 11, ocasionando una trisomía parcial del mismo, producto de un desbalance cromosómico, con disfunción de los genes involucrados en este material genético adicional que ocasiona anormalidades tanto físicas como mentales en un recién nacido. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 3 meses de vida que es derivado a la consulta genética por fenotipo sindromático, Tetralogía de Fallot y retraso del crecimiento. El estudio citogenético se realizó en sangre periférica, los cromosomas fueron procesados con técnicas de tinción convencional, bandas de alta resolución y centroméricas, observándose una duplicación 11q. Cariotipo: 46, XY, dup11 (q23àqter). Se enfatiza la importancia del estudio cromosómico en recién nacidos con malformaciones congénitas mayores para el diagnóstico de certeza y posterior asesoramiento genético a los progenitores.


Tetralogy of Fallot is a common heart disease and may represent up to 11 to 13% of allclinical congenital cardiopathies, it occurs in about 1 out of every 8,500 live births. Inmost cases is associated with a microdeletion of chromosome 22 and less frequently withDown syndrome. Syndrome Dup11q is a chromosomal abnormality caused by duplicationof the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 11 resulting in a partial trisomy, productof a chromosomal imbalance, with dysfunction of the genes involved in this additionalgenetic material causing both physical and mental abnormalities in a newborn. This is thecase of a 3-month boy who was referred to genetic consultation due to syndromicphenotype, Tetralogy of Fallot and growth retardation. The cytogenetic study wasperformed in peripheral blood. Chromosomes were processed with conventional stainingtechniques, centromeric and high-resolution bands, showing 11q duplication. Karyotype:46, XY, dup11 (q23qter). We emphasize the importance of chromosomal studies ininfants with major congenital malformations for a subsequent accurate diagnosis andgenetic counseling to parents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Tetralogy of Fallot/genetics , Trisomy
20.
Med. infant ; 22(1): 26-32, Marzo 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905199

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El diagnóstico prenatal de las malformaciones congénitas (MC) permite optimizar el cuidado perinatal. Al Hospital Garrahan (HG) ingresan recién nacidos (RN) con MC para tratamiento quirúrgico. Desde el año 2008 funciona el programa de diagnostico y tratamiento fetal (PDTF) para optimizar el cuidado prenatal y perinatal de RN con MC. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el impacto de la derivación prenatal en RN que ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) del HG por MC seleccionadas. Población y Métodos: estudio observacional analítico y comparativo entre grupos, sobre condición de ingreso y evolución de RN con gastrosquisis (GTQ), mielomeningocele (MMC) y hernia diafragmática (HD) y grado de stress parental, según ingreso a UCIN por derivación prenatal o postnatal. Se realizó análisis bivariado, descriptivo y comparativo de indicadores generales y especiales de cuidado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 164 RN (44 con derivación prenatal a través del PDTF). Este grupo presentó: mejor control del embarazo (93% vs 66%, p: 0.04), menor edad gestacional al diagnóstico (24s vs 33s p=0.0006) y mayor tasa de cesárea electiva (95 vs 47%, p=0.0001). Los RN tuvieron menor necesidad de reanimación e ingresaron más tempranamente a la Unidad (mediana 4hs vs 10hs, p=0,004). Hubo menor stress parental en relación al hijo (17 vs 40%). Los RN con GTQ ingresaron mejor curados y se alimentaron por vía enteral más rápidamente. Conclusión: Los RN con MC derivados prenatalmente a través del PDTF, ingresan precozmente y presentaron mejores estrategias de cuidado que los ingresados por derivación habitual (AU)


Introduction. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations (CM) improve perinatal care. At the Garrahan Hospital (GH) newborns (NB) with CM are admitted for surgical treatment. Since 2008 a program for prenatal diagnosis and treatment (PDT) has been in place to optimize prenatal and perinatal care of NB with CM. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prenatal referral of NB that are admitted to the GH for selected CM. Population and Methods: An observational, analytical, and between-group comparative study was conducted on the status on admission and outcome in NB with gastroschisis (GS), myelomeningocele (MMC), and diaphragmatic hernia (DH) and degree of parental stress, according to NICU admission after prenatal or postnatal referral. Bivariate, descriptive and comparative analysis of general and specific markers of care was performed. Results: 164 NB were included (44 were prenatally referred through the PDT program). The latter group presented with better pregnancy control (93% vs 66%, p: 0.04), younger gestational age at diagnosis (24w vs 33w p=0.0006), and higher rate of elective cesarean section (95 vs 47%, p=0.0001). This group of NB needed less reanimation and were admitted to the NICU earlier (∑4hs vs 10hs, p=0.004). Parental child-related stress was less (17 vs 40%). NB with GS had a better surgical outcome and were started on enteral feeding earlier. Conclusion: NB with CM that were prenatally referred through the PDT program, were admitted earlier and could be managed with better strategies than those who were conventionally referred (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/surgery , Gastroschisis/surgery , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/surgery , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Patient Outcome Assessment , Prenatal Diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Comparative Study , Observational Study , Perinatal Care/trends , Referral and Consultation
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